Solar, wind panacea to energy challenges

Richard Muponde
Zimpapers Politics Hub

Zimbabwe and Zambia, often referred to as Siamese twins due to their close historical, geographical, and economic ties, are currently experiencing power shortages exacerbated by low water levels at the Kariba Hydro Power Station.

This situation, primarily driven by El Niño-induced droughts, has resulted in prolonged load shedding, negatively impacting both economic production and domestic life in both countries.

The collaboration between these two nations is crucial not only for their own stability, but also for the broader Southern African Development Community (SADC) region.

In response to these challenges, both countries have initiated several projects aimed at alleviating the electricity problems. The Batoka Gorge Power Plant, currently retendered, represents a significant collaborative effort between Zimbabwe and Zambia.

This project aims to construct two underground power plants with a combined capacity of 2 400 megawatts, which could substantially increase the region’s power generation capacity. The project will also include a 180-metre-tall arch-gravity dam to supply water to the reservoir.

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), a joint venture between the two countries, will implement the project.

The ZRA is responsible for operating, monitoring and maintaining the Kariba Dam complex.

Originally awarded to General Electric Co. and Power Construction Corp. of China, the project was retendered in March this year due to delays and other challenges.

ZRA expects to receive bids from potential developers by April 2025, with new bidders selected by September 2025. Additionally, Zimbabwe is augmenting its power supply through the construction of Hwange Units 7 and 8 and by engaging independent power producers (IPPs) to diversify its energy sources.

Recently, Zimbabwe and Zambia held a three-day energy summit in Victoria Falls, sponsored by the Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA), under the theme: “Powering Zimbabwe’s and Zambia’s Sustainable Energy Future: Unlocking Opportunities in Renewables, Grid Modernisation and Energy Access.”

The summit provided an opportunity for both countries to unlock value and potential through cooperation with partners and financiers, focusing on solar and wind as renewable energy sources seen as a solution to their power woes.

Vice President Constantino Chiwenga emphasised that Zimbabwe and Zambia were well-positioned to benefit from renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.

He noted that Zimbabwe was progressing with a master plan to reduce reliance on a single power source and called for the creation of an energy future that guarantees economic growth and improves the quality of life for everyone.

The country is developing an integrated energy resource plan to identify energy resources and chart an optimal development path, with a balanced energy mix that reduces dependence on a single source.

The challenge of energy access remains a pressing issue for both Zimbabwe and Zambia.

While significant progress has been made in expanding electricity access, many citizens, particularly in rural and under-served areas, still lack reliable energy.

Harnessing new technologies such as solar mini-grids, energy storage systems, and smart grids will bring electricity to even the remotest corners of the two countries.

Zambia’s Minister of Energy, Mr Makozo Chikote, stated that it is time for both countries to embrace innovation, sustainability, and collaboration to create a more resilient and prosperous future.

Zimbabwe and Zambia have begun exploring floating solar projects on Lake Kariba, which has been left with about 2 percent of its water, resulting in long hours of load shedding.

The involvement of independent power producers is vital for increasing power production in both countries.

By contracting IPPs, Zimbabwe and Zambia can tap into additional resources and expertise, fostering a more competitive energy market.

This diversification enhances energy security and encourages innovation and investment in the energy sector, crucial for long-term sustainability.

The Presidential Rooftop Solar Scheme, currently piloted by the Special Presidential Investment Advisor and Prevail Group International (PGI) chairman, Dr Paul Tungwarara in Glen View, represents a positive step.

Enabling households and businesses to harness solar power will alleviate some pressures on the national grid while promoting sustainable energy practices that reduce climate change effects.

Renewable energy expert and chairman of the Renewable Energy Association of Zimbabwe (REAZ), Mr Isaiah Nyakusendwa, urged the country to vigorously embark on renewable energy programs to ease power shortages.

He noted that renewable energy, especially solar, can reduce imports and redirect foreign currency to other needs.

Such energy is also faster to roll out, can be developed in phases, and is becoming increasingly cheaper. Successful examples include Centragrid’s 25MW and Zimplats’ 35MW projects.

Another energy expert, Mr Washington Chikombingo, emphasised that while renewable energy contributes to better energy supply, energy efficiency measures must also be prioritised to prevent wastage.

He encouraged businesses and homeowners to focus on energy efficiency, noting that about 20 percent of energy is lost to wastage.

ZERA is collaborating with the Ministry of Energy and Power Development on energy efficiency regulations to benefit the nation.

Zimbabwe and Zambia are uniquely positioned to harness renewable energy, given their abundant sunlight and wind resources.

With approximately 300 days of sunshine annually, solar energy presents a viable solution to the power shortages plaguing the region.

Wind energy also offers significant potential, particularly in areas with favourable conditions. By investing in renewable energy infrastructure, both countries can reduce reliance on hydroelectric power and mitigate climate change impacts, paving the way for a more sustainable energy future.

To effectively address the power shortages that have plagued the SADC region, collaboration among member states is essential.

The SADC Power Pool can facilitate the sharing of resources, knowledge, and technology among member countries. By creating a regional energy market, SADC can enhance energy security, optimise resource allocation, and promote cross-border electricity trade. This collaborative approach can help stabilise power supply across the region and foster economic growth.

It is imperative for Zimbabwe and Zambia to embrace renewable energy.

The benefits extend beyond mere electricity generation; they include job creation, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and enhanced energy independence.

By prioritising renewable energy development and fostering collaboration within the SADC framework, Zimbabwe and Zambia cannot only resolve their immediate power crises, but also lay the groundwork for sustainable economic development.