shloboe boe
Dr Tinashe Eric Muzamhindo
IT is critical to recognise remarkable strides the Government has made in enhancing national infrastructure and promoting economic opportunities for its citizens.
The ambitious construction of roads and dams across the country has not only improved connectivity but also significantly bolstered agricultural productivity and access to essential services.
Moreover, the Government’s efforts to open up the business environment have empowered countless Zimbabweans to thrive in both formal and informal sectors, stimulating entrepreneurship and innovation.
The journey towards achieving President Mnangagwa’s Vision 2030 — aimed at transforming Zimbabwe into an upper-middle-income economy — requires collective effort from all stakeholders.
This spirit of collectivism is vital for harnessing the potential of every citizen, business and institution in realising this ambitious vision.
Having offered insights and strategic advice on the country’s development for many years, I am optimistic about Zimbabwe’s potential.
However, as we celebrate these achievements, it is crucial to remain vigilant and forward-looking.
The journey towards sustainable development is ongoing, requiring continuous improvement and adaptation to emerging challenges.
This article aims to provide strategic recommendations on key issues that the Government should prioritise to enhance the nation’s resilience and prosperity.
Institutional reviews and mandates
To ensure the successful execution of Vision 2030, a comprehensive review of existing institutional frameworks and mandates is imperative.
This review should focus on assessing the performance of various Government bodies, identifying gaps in service delivery and aligning institutional functions with national priorities.
Evaluating the effectiveness of policies and programmes that have been implemented enables the Government to pinpoint areas needing improvement and streamline operations to enhance accountability.
A robust institutional review can also facilitate the identification of best practices that can be replicated across sectors.
This process will require engaging experts, stakeholders and communities to gather insights and perspectives, ensuring that the review is inclusive and reflects the needs of the populace.
Furthermore, establishing clear performance metrics and benchmarks will enable the Government to measure progress effectively and make informed decisions moving forward.
Strategic monitoring and evaluation systems
Developing strategic monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems is crucial for tracking the progress of initiatives related to Vision 2030.
The Government should implement a comprehensive M&E framework that encompasses all sectors and ministries, allowing for real-time assessment of outcomes and impacts.
This approach will facilitate the reshuffle of ideas and strategies as necessary, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently and that programmes remain aligned with national goals.
Regular reviews and evaluations should be institutionalised, providing opportunities for feedback and adaptive learning.
Nurturing a culture of reflection and continuous improvement allows the Government to respond proactively to challenges and leverage successes.
Engaging civil society and community stakeholders in the M&E process will not only enhance transparency but also foster a sense of ownership among citizens, ultimately contributing to more effective governance.
Restructuring national development planning
Strengthening the prospects of Vision 2030 necessitates a restructuring of national development planning processes.
The current planning framework should be revisited to ensure it is responsive to emerging challenges and opportunities within the socio-economic landscape.
This includes incorporating participatory approaches that engage a broader range of stakeholders, including local communities, private sector actors and civil society organisations.
A revised national development plan should prioritise sectors that drive economic growth and social development, such as agriculture, manufacturing and technology.
Additionally, aligning development planning with regional and international trends will enable Zimbabwe to position itself competitively in the global market.
Fostering coherence between national policies and local development initiatives ensures that all efforts contribute to achieving the overarching goals of Vision 2030.
Restructuring the energy sector
Restructuring Zimbabwe’s energy sector is critical to ensure sustainable economic growth.
Despite recent efforts to expand energy infrastructure, the country continues to face challenges related to energy supply and reliability.
The Government must prioritise the diversification of energy sources, investing in renewable energy projects such as solar, wind and hydroelectric power to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and enhance energy security.
In addition to diversifying energy sources, the Government should strengthen regulatory frameworks that promote investment in the energy sector.
Encouraging public-private partnerships (PPPs) can mobilise resources and expertise, facilitating the development of innovative energy solutions.
Improving energy access, particularly in rural areas, helps the Government to stimulate economic activities and enhance the quality of life for its citizens.
Enhancing public service delivery
Improving public service delivery is paramount for encouraging citizen trust and satisfaction.
The Government should prioritise reforms aimed at enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of public services.
This includes investing in training and capacity-building programmes for civil servants to equip them with the skills necessary to meet the evolving needs of the populace.
Moreover, adopting technology-driven solutions can streamline service delivery processes, reducing bureaucratic delays and enhancing accessibility for citizens.
E-governance initiatives, such as online platforms for service applications and information dissemination, can empower citizens and promote transparency.
Promoting a culture of accountability and responsiveness within public institutions enables the Government to reinforce its commitment to serving the interests of all Zimbabweans.
Economic stabilisation and growth
The foundation of any resilient nation lies in its economy.
Strategies for economic stabilisation must encompass fiscal discipline, monetary policy reforms and the diversification of economic activities.
The Government should prioritise creating a conducive environment for foreign direct investment.
To achieve this, the Government must streamline regulatory frameworks, reduce bureaucratic red tape and foster a transparent investment climate.
Moreover, engaging with international financial institutions for technical assistance and funding can provide the necessary capital for infrastructural and developmental projects, paving the way for sustainable economic growth.
Furthermore, the diversification of the economy is crucial.
Relying heavily on agriculture and mining makes us vulnerable to external shocks.
Case studies from countries like Malaysia, which transitioned from an agriculture-based economy to a diversified one, provide valuable insights.
Investing in sectors such as technology, manufacturing and tourism allows Zimbabwe to mitigate risks associated with commodity price fluctuations and create a more resilient economy.
Land reform and agricultural productivity
Land reform remains a contentious issue in Zimbabwe, with significant implications for agricultural productivity and food security.
The Fast-Track Land Reform Programme, initiated in the early 2000s, has had lasting effects on the agricultural sector.
To rectify past grievances and enhance productivity, the Government must focus on land tenure security and provide support to smallholder farmers.
Scholar Amartya Sen argues that “the right to food is a fundamental human right”, emphasising the importance of secure access to land for agricultural sustainability.
Thus, implementing policies that guarantee land rights for farmers can empower communities, boost food production and alleviate poverty.
Additionally, stimulating access to modern agricultural techniques and technologies is vital.
Programmes that facilitate training in sustainable farming practices, irrigation methods and market access can significantly enhance productivity.
Learning from successful agricultural initiatives in countries like Ethiopia, which has invested in smallholder farming and irrigation, can serve as a model for Zimbabwe’s agricultural reform.
The Government should also explore partnerships with private sector players to introduce innovative agricultural technologies and practices that can drive efficiency and improve yields.
Prioritising research and development in agriculture helps Zimbabwe to harness its potential to become a regional food basket while ensuring food security for its citizens.
Infrastructure development
Infrastructure is the backbone of economic development, yet Zimbabwe grapples with inadequate roads, unreliable energy supply and limited access to modern telecommunications.
The ongoing efforts in road and dam construction have made significant progress and the momentum has to be sustained.
Investment in infrastructure not only facilitates trade and connectivity but also enhances quality of life.
The Government must continue to prioritise infrastructure development through public-private partnerships PPPs to mobilise resources and expertise.
The World Bank has consistently highlighted that “investing in infrastructure is essential for achieving sustainable development”.
Leveraging PPPs allows the country to attract private investment in critical sectors, such as energy, transport and health, creating a robust regulatory framework that incentivises private sector participation.
Additionally, the Government should focus on upgrading existing infrastructure to meet modern standards.
This includes ensuring that rural areas receive the same attention as urban centres, as equitable access to infrastructure is vital for inclusive growth.
Investing in renewable energy projects and improving transportation networks enable Zimbabwe to enhance its economic resilience and attract further investment.
Health sector reform
The Covid-19 pandemic has underscored the fragility of health systems worldwide, and Zimbabwe is no exception.
The Government must undertake comprehensive health sector reforms to enhance access, quality and resilience.
This includes increasing funding for healthcare, improving infrastructure and ensuring the availability of essential medicines and supplies.
Philosopher and social critic Michel Foucault asserted that “health is not only about the absence of disease but about a holistic approach to well-being”.
Therefore, Zimbabwe should adopt a multi-dimensional approach to health that includes preventive care, mental health services and community health initiatives.
Strengthening public health systems through training healthcare workers and investing in technology for telemedicine can enhance healthcare delivery, especially in remote areas.
Learning from countries like Rwanda, which has made significant strides in health outcomes through community-based health programmes, can provide valuable lessons for Zimbabwe.
Education and workforce development
Education is the cornerstone of any nation’s development, and Zimbabwe must prioritise reforms in its education system to equip the youth with the skills necessary for a rapidly changing economy.
The Government should focus on aligning curricula with market demands, emphasising STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education, as well as expanding access to vocational training.
This underscores the need to empower students through critical thinking and practical skills that prepare them for work.
Promoting partnerships with industries enables educational institutions to create programmes that directly address skills shortages in the job market.
Additionally, investing in digital literacy programmes is essential in the modern economy.
Providing access to technology and training in digital skills can enhance employability and enable the youth to participate actively in a globalised economy.
Programmes that incorporate entrepreneurship education can also inspire innovation and self-employment among young Zimbabweans.
Governance and anti-corruption measures
Good governance is fundamental to a thriving democracy and economic stability.
The Government must, therefore, prioritise anti-corruption measures and promote transparent governance frameworks.
Strengthening whistleblower protection laws can empower citizens to report corruption without fear of retribution.
Moreover, increasing citizen engagement in governance processes can enhance accountability.
Initiatives that promote public participation in decision-making, such as community forums and consultations, can foster trust and ensure that Government actions align with the needs of the populace.
The Government should also leverage technology to enhance transparency, such as open data initiatives that allow citizens to access information about public spending and services.
Environmental sustainability and climate change
Zimbabwe is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, which threaten agriculture, water resources and biodiversity.
As such, the Government must prioritise environmental sustainability and implement policies that promote climate resilience.
This includes investing in renewable energy sources, sustainable land management practices and conservation efforts.
Implementing community-based conservation programmes can empower local communities to manage natural resources sustainably.
Additionally, investing in renewable energy projects, such as solar and wind, can reduce reliance on fossil fuels and promote energy security while mitigating climate change impacts.
Tourism development
With its stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage and diverse wildlife, Zimbabwe has immense potential for tourism development.
The Government should invest in marketing initiatives, enhance tourism infrastructure and promote sustainable tourism practices to attract both domestic and international visitors.
Tourism expert Richard Butler emphasised the importance of sustainable tourism, stating: “Sustainable tourism is about making better places for people to live in and better places for people to visit.”
Adopting this philosophy will ensure that tourism benefits local communities while preserving its natural and cultural assets.
Case studies from countries like Costa Rica, which has successfully positioned itself as a leader in eco-tourism, can provide valuable insights.
Prioritising eco-friendly tourism initiatives allows Zimbabwe to tap into the growing global demand for sustainable travel experiences, creating jobs and boosting economic growth.
Digital transformation and innovation
In an increasingly digital world, embracing technology is imperative for economic competitiveness.
Zimbabwe must prioritise digital transformation across various sectors, promoting innovation and nurturing a culture of entrepreneurship.
This includes improving internet access, supporting tech start-ups and integrating technology into public services.
The Government should, therefore, develop a long-term digital strategy that encompasses infrastructure, education and regulatory frameworks to support innovation.
Investing in technology hubs and incubators can foster a vibrant start-up ecosystem, encouraging young entrepreneurs to develop solutions that address local challenges.
Additionally, integrating technology into public services can enhance efficiency, transparency and citizen engagement.
Regional and international relations
Zimbabwe’s geopolitical position presents both challenges and opportunities.
Strengthening regional and international relations is crucial for enhancing trade, attracting investment and addressing shared challenges.
The Government should actively engage with regional organisations, such as the Southern African Development Community, to promote cooperation and collaboration.
Zimbabwe must navigate its relationships by balancing national interests with regional stability.
By participating in regional trade agreements and advancing diplomatic ties, Zimbabwe can expand its market access and increase competitiveness.
Furthermore, engaging in collaborative efforts to address transnational issues such as climate change and public health can enhance Zimbabwe’s standing on the global stage.
Overall, the challenges facing Zimbabwe in 2025 require a comprehensive and strategic approach to governance and development.
The Government can build upon its existing successes and pave the way for a resilient and prosperous future.
Embracing innovation, fostering transparency and prioritising the well-being of citizens will be essential in navigating the complexities of the contemporary landscape.
As Zimbabwe continues on this path of progress, the commitment to sustainable development for all must remain at the forefront of its national agenda.
n Dr Tinashe Eric Muzamhindo is an author, strategist and advisor. He is also head of Zimbabwe Institute of Strategic Thinking. He can be contacted at [email protected]
