Moffat Mungazi
Dr Tendai Zuze
Health Matters
AS temperatures continue to rise across Zimbabwe due to seasonal changes and possibly the impacts of climate change, heat-related illnesses are becoming a pressing public health concern.
These illnesses, which range from dehydration to life-threatening heatstroke, can affect anyone, but pose a particular risk to vulnerable populations, including the elderly, children, and those with chronic medical conditions.
This article provides insights into the dangers of heat-related illnesses and practical measures to prevent them.
Heat-related illnesses occur when the body is unable to regulate its temperature effectively.
Prolonged exposure to high temperatures, combined with physical exertion or dehydration, can overwhelm the body’s cooling mechanisms, leading to:
Dehydration: Excessive loss of fluids through sweating can cause fatigue, dizziness, and confusion.
Heat exhaustion: Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, nausea, and fainting.
If untreated, this can progress to heatstroke.
Heatstroke: A medical emergency characterised by a body temperature above 40°C, confusion, rapid heart rate, and loss of consciousness.
While anyone can suffer from heat-related illnesses, certain groups are more susceptible:
Elderly individuals: Reduced ability to regulate body temperature.
Children: Higher metabolic rates and dependence on caregivers for hydration.
Outdoor workers and athletes: Increased exposure to heat and physical exertion.
People with chronic illnesses: Conditions like diabetes, heart disease, or kidney disorders worsen with dehydration and heat stress.
Prevention tips for heat-related illnesses
Stay hydrated
Drinking plenty of water is the most effective way to prevent dehydration.
Avoid caffeinated or alcoholic beverages, which can exacerbate fluid loss.
Dress appropriately
Wear loose, light-coloured clothing made of breathable fabrics like cotton.
Use hats or umbrellas to protect against direct sunlight.
Limit outdoor activities
Plan outdoor activities for early morning or late evening when temperatures are cooler.
Avoid strenuous tasks during peak heat hours (10am to 4pm).
Seek shade and cool spaces
Stay in well-ventilated or air-conditioned areas whenever possible. If indoors, use fans and keep curtains closed to block heat.
Adjust your diet
Consume light, easily digestible meals and include hydrating fruits and vegetables like watermelon, cucumber, and oranges.
Watch for warning signs
Be alert to symptoms of heat-related illnesses in yourself and others, such as excessive thirst, rapid breathing, confusion, or fainting.
Zimbabwe’s rising temperatures call for urgent attention to the prevention of heat-related illnesses.
By taking proactive measures, individuals can protect themselves and their families from the dangers of extreme heat.
With community support and Government policies, we can build resilience to these challenges and ensure a healthier, safer future for all.
Stay cool, stay safe, and stay informed!
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